Spawning Behaviors
| Male Behaviors | Description | Female Behaviors | Description |
| Nudging | Touching the nose or upper body to female’s upper body | Moving away | Moving away from an individual or group that is exhibiting spawning behaviors |
| Stacking | Stacking next to or over the female to resemble a stack (typically leads to beating/whacking with tail) | Moving towards | Moving towards a group and/or individual exhibiting spawning behaviors |
| Beating/Whacking | Hitting side of the female with the tail or caudal peduncle | Wedging/Leaning | Wedging or leaning against an object (rocks, logs, etc. presumed to mean disinterest in immediate spawning) |
| Shoving | Shoving another male (with nose/upper body) out of the way to maintain a closer position to the female | Undulation | Undulating the body to maintain position in the group or prepare for gamete release |
| Pectoral fin touching | Rubbing any part of the pectoral fish against the female (exclusive to ONLY pectoral fin touching the body) | Egg release | Body pulsing and release of eggs into the water column |
| Undulation | Undulating the body to maintain position or move into a better position near the female | ||
| Sperm release | Body pulsing and release of sperm into the water column | ||
Tracking Female Video